Minerals form primarily through one of three processes:
Crystallization
Crystallographic Transformations
Melting Crystallization:Crystallization is the natural process of formation of solid crystals precipitating from a solution, melt or more rarely deposited directly from a gas. Crystallization is therefore an aspect of precipitation, obtained through a variation of the solubility conditions of the solute in the solvent, as compared to precipitation due to chemical reaction. Melting: Melting is a process where a metamorphic rock meets lava and it heats up and melts into magma. It takes temperatures between 600 and 1,300 degrees Celsius (1,100 and 2,400 degrees Fahrenheit) to melt a rock, turning it into a substance called magma (molten rock). The three types of rocks:
Ingenious Rock
Sedimentary Rock
Metamorphic Rock Ingenious Rock: Igneous rocks are formed when melted rock cools and solidifies. Melted rock may come in the form of magma, when it is found underneath the Earth’s surface. It can also come in the form of lava, when it is released unto the Earth’s surface during a volcanic eruption.Some examples are:
Granite
Pumice
Obsidian Sedimentary Rock: Sedimentary rocks start forming when soil and other materials on the Earth’s surface are eroded and finally settle down, forming one layer of sediments. As time passes, more and more materials get eroded and settle on the older layers. Then, the layer upon layer is formed. The lower layers go under intense pressure due to the weight of the upper layers, eventually transforming into rocks. Some examples of sedimentary rocks are sandstone, limestone, and gypsum. Sandstone, for example, is a result of depositions of sand from beaches and rivers. You can find them mostly in deltas, since this is where the rivers flow into the ocean.Minerals may form in many environments, and their physical surroundings determine how minerals are produced. Most form using the method of crystallization, which begins with the evaporation of water into the atmosphere.
Lava melts rocks and forms them into a rock group named metamorphic rocks.
Granite is an Ingenious Rock that is formed when this rock is slowly cooled after melting from lava or magma.
Pumice is an ingenious rock that cools so quickly from lava or magma it does not have time to form crystals.
Obsidian is an naturally occurring volcanic glass which cools rapidly and has minimal crystal growth.
Sandstone forms over a long time, it deposits sand and accumulates in water and the sand blends with calcite or quartz and then goes under heat, and pressure. After time goes by, the pressure pushes all of these elements together to create sandstone.